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The original intent of Title IX was not sports. It was to end the discrimination against women in higher education. It was to give women access to medical schools and law schools. Coming soon.... The first female medical students at the University of Hawaii.
On television news you've probably seen a fair amount of female doctors discussing Covid-19. Fifty years ago doctors at hospitals were white men. What changed? Patsy Mink's Title IX.
Naomi Osaka is Executive Producer
https://www.nytimes.com/video/opinion/100000008360198/mink.html?smid=url-share
Title IX Influenced women sports worldwide.
Fifty years ago, Patsy Mink’s Title IX became a new federal law that ended the discrimination against girls and women in education and sports in the United States. Title IX also inspired other countries.
Only men were allowed to attend the Ancient Olympic Games. The penalty for women attending was death. The first modern Olympic Games in 1896 excluded female athletes because its founder felt their participation would be inappropriate. Female athletes were finally allowed in the 1900 Olympic games competing in sailing, golf, and tennis. Women made up 2% of competitors in 1900. In 1972, the year Title IX was passed, women made up 14% of the athletes at the Munich Olympics. Eight years later at the Los Angeles Olympics in 1980, women athletes were 21%, in 1992 at Barcelona women were 28%. There was a dramatic increase to 40% female athletes in the 2004 Olympics held in Athens, this coincides with the very first female President of the Olympic committee, Greek businesswoman Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki.
Last year’s Tokyo Olympics was the first-ever gender balanced Olympic Games in its 125-year history. A total of 11,900 athletes from around the world participated in Tokyo, which included 5,704 men and 5,386 female athletes. Almost 49% of the athletes were women at Tokyo. The upcoming Paris Olympics in 2024 is striving for 50% female participation.
Title IX is a federal civil rights law in the United States that was passed as part of the Education Amendments of 1972. It prohibits sex-based discrimination in any school or other education program that receives federal money. This is Public Law No. 92‑318, 86 - signed June 23, 1972.
Most Americans are not aware that an Asian-American woman from Hawaii was the author of the landmark Title IX federal law giving women and girls equal access to education. Many young people are not familiar with the details of Patsy Mink's life. The upcoming 50th anniversary of the signing in 2022 is the ideal time to tell the untold story of Congresswoman Patsy Mink.
Title IX was a federal civil rights law authored by Congresswoman Patsy Takemoto Mink, a liberal democrat from the state of Hawaii.
Title IX is a federal law that requires education programs that receive federal funds to operate in a nondiscriminatory manner. Some key areas where discrimination against women had occurred were in recruitment, admissions and financial aid. Over the years Title IX has expanded to include 16,500 local school districts, colleges and universities, libraries, museums, and for profit schools in all 50 states and territories.
When Patsy Mink died in 2002 at the age of 74, her colleagues in congress decided in a joint resolution to honor her memory by officially renaming Title IX "The Patsy Takemoto Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act."
Because of Title IX, today the majority of US medical students are now women at 50.5%. Law schools have 52% women, architecture schools are at 46%, and women make up 21% at engineering and technology schools. When women entered the professions they earned salaries that could allow them economic independence.
When Title IX was passed in 1972, about 30,000 girls participated in high school sports.
Now nearly 8 million do. Today the NCAA has 216,378 college student women athletes.
Patsy Mink: Ahead of the Majority -
a film by Kimberlee Bassford
Rise of the Wahine: Champions of Title IX
a film by Dean Kaneshiro
Patsy Mink The Untold Story
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